19.5.1. In the past, the State maintained Manabi
A permanent exclusion, inequality and repression that have been giving the province the government of the day after the killing and dragging of Eloy Alfaro in 1912, and on the death of 5,000 fans Alfaro committed from 1913 to 1916, and yet, for the extermination of Alfaro (Eloy Alfaro and their victimizers, José Peralta pag. 474), this situation violated the emporium of wealth of Manabi, degenerated and economic system in the region became a state prostration and of being "kept the state."
We should remember that in the first decades of the twentieth century ".. the taxes that were levied on foreign trade (imports and exports) were increasing, which were for many purposes, including to address the fiscal crisis of central governments shift '(Sovereignty and Insurgency in Manabi, pag. 79, Carmen Dueñas).
"In the past Manabi has not had a fair and equitable treatment by the central authorities in allocating resources and works against the contributions to the national treasury that provided for taxes. The province was a victim of discrimination and neglect ... In the past did not have political clout Manabi, despite the revolution, had money to pay all administrative costs and to send military and still good amount of pesos to the capital and other provinces "(Historical Narratives of Manabi, pag. 56 and 60, Wilfrido Loor).
"Until the year 1928 gave the Treasury for taxes, the flattering sum of 10 million sucres, which did not reach his administration reversed and in the few public works that they carried out a quarter "... is taxed more than it received. "The statistics from 1926 to 1928 testify that the Government gave Manabi about 11 million sucres per year income. His expenses even to the Army and the Court also addresses Esmeraldas, were 3.118 million sucres. Manabi exported 6 million sucres and imported about 2 million. If allowed monetary autonomy, its currency would be the golden condor, eagles. She aspired to economic federation "... And great was the contribution of Manabi, the national economy," yielding the most of their forces while their villages have no water, suffer from diseases and epidemics ... "(Historical and Illustrated Monograph of Manabi, pag. 1, 12, 21 and 23 José Buenaventura Navas, 1934)
19.5.2. Because the state held
In Diary of June 6, 2008 pag. 6A includes an interview with Carlos Marx Carrasco, Director of SRI stating that "Autonomy of Manabi is not sustainable" and that the province is highly dependent on central power and that precisely this dependence will disable access to autonomy. Carrasco
Azuay emphasizes that provides 3 times more than Manabi although in this population is twice that at that ... and as received 4 and 5 times more than it contributes, no viable self-financing of the autonomy of Manabi. And
Carrasco falls short. The book is 6-fold difference: 73.7 million USD (Income, VAT, ICE, Customs) compared to USD 428.7 million (350.6 78.1 Central Government and decentralized entities, excluding public enterprises Emelmanabí, Pacifictel ...) according to " Consolidated Budget Execution "from the Ministry of Economy, 2007 (www.mef.gov.ec).
But the official, with his interpretation "timely" in a time when the Constituent Assembly is in the "stretch" to discuss and approve the new constitution in the context of a campaign to discredit the regional demand of Manabi, which comes from being raised since 2000, following the referendum, does nothing to become a spokesperson over centralism that drives the government of the country, that rather than promoting the decentralized and appropriate to the contrary.
It is intended that the big decisions and offerings should continue to be generated only from Quito. No other way, for example, explains that President Correa issued Decree No. 1112 May 28, by which the Eloy Alfaro airport in Manta that came to be administered by the Corpam (Manta Airport Corporation) with the municipality to the head, Provided its reversion to State (National Directorate of Civil Aviation and the Ministry of National Defense), under the pretext of promoting the process of giving to a private operator.
19.5.3. State impoverishing
The limited and poor tax of Manabi certainly prevent him prevent and impede fulfilling their obligations provincial spending, and they have done under the fiscal budget, is due to several reasons:
1.Represión their means of production, lack of credit policies, promotion and technical assistance;
2.Represión with local export taxes;
3.The abuse its transportation and its ports, first to Caráquez Bay and then to Manta, although the latter started to rebound when such project is to initiate changes in Load Transfer Puerto Internacional, this project is stopped by Correa harmful interference in decisions Port Authority;
4.Deficiente attention and funding of basic education and for all;
5.Falta of government policies, plans and projects;
6.Incapacidad management and widespread corruption of their leaders;
culture 7.Falta tax and taxation in the place where the event occurs (for sales in Manabi), focusing rather in Quito and Guayaquil by large corporations.
19.5.4. Manabi requires repairs protest
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management in the Constituent Assembly members of Montecristi, 2008 for the effective decentralization of powers provided by the State and in Manabi is the permanent headquarters of the National Assembly (Congress), driven by management Assemblyman Ricardo Zambrano, came to nothing.
The positioning of the ruling Movement "Country", to have concentrated power in Quito, for "tradition", "history", "security", "costs" because the country needs a "strong heart", that is a tree with "robust trunk ",... Nonsense.
And since the "proposal for autonomy of Manabi" promoted by the Provincial Council of Manabi was mocked ... we have to persist in the desire for decentralization and autonomy and fight for it, by right and justice. Quito and the country owes reparation to Manabi, the attacks caused to the province in the past.
And this also, if one considers, for example, that central government transfers to municipalities per capita in 2010 in Quito is USD 99, while those of Jipijapa, Chone, Manta, Portoviejo less than USD 70.
19.5.5. Constituents are "cleaned" with Manabi
The proximity of the adoption by the Constituent Assembly of the new Constitution was drafted in Montecristi, Juan Jose Illingworth (July 17, 2008) highlights the following:
The countrymen " Country Movement "took Quito drafts of the Constitution, to be reviewed by an Editorial Committee of Experts of the interior. It is a foretaste of what will the next 24, day of the old Bolivar, when the Assembly finally carried from Ciudad Alfaro to the city where he was killed. The peasants will arrive Manta Monday to Thursday and will be bathed in this province, that is, they have been cleaned in Manabi.
But also in the other provinces, as Manabi is not the only one approved by the autonomy referendum in 2000, now would be (was) buried in case they pushed through the atosigante and propaganda from the Yes the government does with our money.
The fallacy lies in this government: the Constitution candidate text does not touch the power of the provinces, although this implies an unjust distribution of legislative power and therefore of public resources. Correa knows and campaign that featured in electoral districts of equal population size, but their psychological identification with the power to act does electorally. He went back to the disappearance of the Provincial Councils, which is perceived as easily exploitable emotional belonging to a province and found there a way to sterilize the autonomy, putting the requirement that a province should give up their identity by merging with another, even when that is not necessary to warrant, by itself, the status of Autonomous Region. Manabi
for example, has more people than the eastern population and more than 10 provinces together. According hands up "Country" may be "Autonomous Region" pairs of Pastaza and Napo provinces that together account for one-eighth of Manabi and Bolivar Canar or the third party. But no single Manabi. What fear and bitterness have "Paisanos" like Romo, Acosta, Cesar Rodriguez, the radio "La Luna", the Flanders and cejón Bustamante, as to put so much anger in a lock statement as proved popular as autonomous. It is also true that some coastal raise their hands for hire, traitors Manabi Coast, who think with their pockets and not to love their land. All in the name of "Homeland" and "country," Manabi been cleaned in the country, while the people have the last word in the polls. Wine
the referendum and thus the adoption of the new Constitution, which ends by removing that Manabí by itself becomes a autonomous region, as well as in the province is the seat of legislative power.
It is therefore latent struggle needs to be promoted in Manabi to push decentralization process, decentralized and autonomous.
19.5.6. Learn from Germany, for example
face the urgent need to promote national integration and also reverse the pernicious and outdated central tendency should sustain us in the lessons of history, "well done" and gives us German. And a comparison, this is worth doing.
imperial Nazi regime, from Berlin, led in the past, persecution and murder of millions and the destruction of several countries. Allies turn to kill the Nazis, destroyed most of Germany. In 1948, the Constitutional Assembly met in Bonn and in 1949 declared this as the Federal Capital and the single seat of government. At the time, was implemented Claiming Plan (Marshall Plan)
For five decades the city proved an excellent host government of a nation that during that time became a world economic power.
However, the Unification Treaty of 1990, with magnanimous attitude gave Bonn to Berlin to be the Federal Capital. The Federal Parliament on 20 June 1991 agreed to his transfer to Berlin. We planned and executed the decentralization processes to transfer sorted. Parliament and 9 ministries (of 15) of the Government initiated in 1999 his work in Berlin. Bonn
according to the Berlin-Bonn Act of 1994 became the second political center of the Federal Republic. And the rulers have their second home in the former. And in this 6 ministries have their headquarters.
And the other branches of government (judicial, electoral, constitucional, control), descentralizadamente acordaron su ubicación en Munich, Karlsruhe, Kassel, Leipzig y Erfurt.
En Alemania, primó la racionalidad y la unidad. En el Ecuador, no.
Si la Asamblea Constituyente y el Gobierno Central no trabajan por la unidad e integración del pais, descentralizando, desconcentrando competencias y funciones, estan condenados a ser rechazados hoy y a futuro, hasta el dia en que se hagan rectificaciones en favor de la periferia.
19.5.7. Reversión con la autonomía
Volviendo a la necesidad de generar producción y crecientes rentas locales en montos suficientes para programar atender progresivamente el gasto público provincial, the prospects of generating those are promising, provided with autonomy:
a) Build Petrochemical Complex;
b) becomes Manta Port International Cargo Transfer;
c) The Airport Manta also be raised to the category of International Cargo Transfer;
d) Run the Sustainable Agricultural Development Plan (PDAS) that drives the Provincial Council which promotes and strategic alliances in 10 years demand for an investment of over USD 185 million;
e) Run the Multimodal Manta-Manaos axis and enable the roads to Pichincha and Guayas infrastructures first order
f) a hierarchy and promote strategic planning, fiscal transparency, accountability and efficiency of public authorities, citizen participation, tax culture of paying taxes, taxation where the events are operated, the fight against corruption and impunity,
g) public services: airport, telecommunications, electricity, water, is administered in a decentralized, ...
19.5.8. English experience in the construction of autonomy
The regional debate that has unfolded and the process that tries to push in Manabi and country-albeit temporarily suppressed by the Constitution 2008 -, it is to stage the global experience in general and the English in particular. This is the best known by Ecuadorians.
For the former president of Catalonia (Spain), Jordi Pujol. In a presentation at Guayaquil in 2005 noted that "... it must introduce changes that make the country work and for that we must have regard to democratic systems .... To introduce a positive and creative mind, there is no political cannibalism in you have a few basic values \u200b\u200bof the country that are well accepted by all, and among these value-laden must be the autonomous, because it is proven in Germany, Spain, Austria, Belgium, ... It has been as decentralization from the restatement is more modest to strong state of the autonomy ... "
But Pujol warned that" Guayas have to pay a fee of solidarity with the country, including Catalonia pays to help communities regions that have a greater delay in development ... "
is that the backward state of some English regions, such as Extremadura, Andalusia, Galicia, ... versus "autonomous wave" that erupted in Spain in the 70s led them to find the political autonomy that allows them to quickly solve their socio-economic problems.
Hence, agreeing to adopt their policies arrived autonomy statutes, progressively, all 17 provinces of the Iberian Peninsula.
Spain's Constitution recognizes and guarantees the right to autonomy of nationalities and regions which comprise and solidarity among them. There are 3 principles: unity, autonomy and solidarity. Things Fall Apart if you remove any of these principles.
Autonomy is not sovereignty, is possible only within a single state and involves a sign of disintegration of the state in which political power is decentralized to the regions.
19.5.9. Solidarity with the Compensation Fund
As in Ecuador, with the regions should be implemented a system to financially assist the most backward areas, should be put in place an Inter-territorial Compensation Fund (FCI). In this, the English experience is very rich.
Article 2 of the English Constitution recognizes and guarantees the right to autonomy of nationalities and regions and solidarity among them. In addition, Article 158.2 states that "In order to correct economic imbalances between areas and to enforce the principle of solidarity, they constitute a" Compensation Fund. "
To enforce that Initially, the Organic Law 8 / 1980 of 22 September on Financing of the Autonomous Communities (LOFCA) collected in Article 16 of the FCI general principles and basic rules governing the Fund. Additional rules were issued after the Law 3 / 1996, 7 / 2001 and 22/2001.
The FCI that drew resources from especially in Catalonia and the Basque Country, has been reducing the number of recipient autonomy. And in recent years have failed to receive items: La Rioja, Navarra, Aragon, Castilla y Baleares.
But after 28 years of the FCI, it has remained a tool for development designed to correct regional imbalances between the regions and benefiting only 10 autonomous regions: Galicia, Andalusia, Asturias, Cantabria, Murcia, Comunidad Valenciana, Castilla-La Mancha, Canarias, Extremadura and Castilla y León) and the autonomous cities Ceuta and Melilla.
The 10 communities will receive in 2008 a total of 1317.2 million euros, while Ceuta and Melilla will receive 20.6 million. This represents a 8.1% increase over 2007.
05/19/1910. Compensation funds for the autonomy of Manabì
The "blog" of Assemblywoman Tatiana Hidrovo www.asambleaconstituyente.gov.ec web site past April 29, 2008, after giving his reasons on the validity of autonomy as an "instrument of profound change ... to build a sustainable model of living" ends to play for the regional thesis of Manabi and join it. This in theory.
But in practice, the reality is very different. Assemblywoman manabita to say that autonomy is a fact and that everything depends on the processes undertaken by Manabi, merely a position in a utopian scenario, the reason that, with their comments reported by The Journal last May 16 , pag. 10 A, said the Autonomy Act establish the requirements to be met, including that include a region (Manabi) who wishes to be independent should have ability to pay (taxes) sufficient. If it is conceived
possible provincial autonomy, it would never Manabi, because tax revenues do not allow meet public expenditure because: a.
- total net income generated tax residence of the Income Tax VAT and ICE, in 2007, for example, came to USD 54.2 million and 19.5 million USD tariffs, total USD 73.7 million;
b. - Assuming that companies optimistically cement, iron, gas, fuel , supermarkets, household appliances, telecommunications, ... sold in Manabi but taxed in Quito and Guayaquil, represent a potential revenue to be enforced for the province $ 100 million, perhaps they would have had global revenues of USD 173.7 million;
c. - Facing the Fiscal Budget Manabi Spending last year (2007) which reached $ 369 million, a deficit of reference that would reach USD 195.3 million. This gap would be covered by the State to address education (USD 148 million), health (USD 40.5 million) and the balance (6.8) to cover other sectors.
The deficit, while stimulating and enhancing the productive apparatus to generate provincial revenues that permit the progressive covering public expenditure would be covered by the state for a reasonable time, which can be about 10 years in the context of solidarity, equity, etc.
Manabi Not that it would still be "maintained" by the State, as once Elsa de Mena and Carlos Carrasco, ex - SRI owners said pejoratively meet the demand of funds, but the state is obliged to support provinces with the highest arrears plus, where historically, Manabi provinces that have been suppressed their means of production and lack of credit or technical assistance to road abuse, the use of the Port of Manta Bay first and then to your health , in education, ...
Finally, the assembly would do well to review the autonomic processes in Spain, Belgium, Brazil, ..., since those serve as a guide and lesson. These countries have implemented the "Compensation Fund" as a mechanism to correct economic imbalances between areas, to help depressed areas and to enforce the principle of solidarity.
Link: www.ticsdemanabi.net
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